The Ilyushin Il-10 was the immediate successor to the legendary Il-2 Sturmovik attack aircraft and based heavily on the same design although in reality it was a considerably different aircraft. It was slightly smaller and more streamlined and carried a more powerful engine as well as improved protection for the pilot and gunner and a revised undercarriage. Overall, it offered improved performance relative to its predecessor and as such began replacing the Il-2 from front-line squadrons beginning in early 1945 where it saw action during the final weeks of the European war and later against the Japanese in Manchuria and Korea, remaining the primary Soviet attack aircraft until the next decade. Post-war production continued until as late as 1955 and was exported extensively to various Soviet client states including China and North Korea which used them during the Korean War and Czechoslovakia, license-built by Avia.

Attempts to improve on the basic Il-2 design resulted in the Il-8 and Il-10 both of which flew on April 1944 but only the latter was selected for production. Post-war improvements led to the Il-10M with a new wing and undercarriage, longer fuselage, and greater fuel capacity while a trainer version was known as the Il-10U. Czech models built by Avia were known as the B-33 and the CB-33 trainer.